PICO ontology

The PICO model is widely used and taught in evidence-based health care as a strategy for formulating questions and search strategies and for characterizing clinical studies or meta-analyses . PICO stands for four different potential components of a clinical question:

Patient, Population or Problem
- What are the characteristics of the patient or population (demographics, risk factors, pre-existing conditions, etc)?
- What is the condition or disease of interest?
Intervention
- What is the intervention under consideration for this patient or population?
Comparison
- What is the alternative to the intervention (e.g. placebo, different drug, surgery)?
Outcome
- What are the relevant outcomes (e.g. quality of life, change in clinical status, morbidity, adverse effects, complications)?

We have identified three different sorts of PICOs within Cochrane reviews and we plan to build our models so that all three can be annotated. They are:

The Review (or study selection criteria) PICO. This is documented in the Methods:Criteria for considering studies for this review section of the review
The Comparison PICOs - These are taken from the analyses in the Review - initially from the forest plots, although this may be extended at some point in the future
The Included Study PICOs - with each included study having its own set of PICOs

IRI:: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

Current version:: 1.0.0

Ontology source:: pico-ontology.ttl

The Cochrane Ontology is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License .

Pico Ontology

Classes
Object Properties
Data Properties
Namespace Declarations

Classes

Age
AppliedIntervention
Condition
Dose
Duration
Intervention
Intervention Classification
InterventionGroup
InterventionProvider
ModeOfDelivery
Outcome
OutcomeClassification
OutcomeGroup
PICO
Population
Schedule
Setting
Sex

Age^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/Age

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

The age of a population group

is in range of: age^op

AppliedIntervention^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/AppliedIntervention

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

Abstract class, the intervention applied (procedure, materials etc)

is in range of: appliedIntervention^op

Condition^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/Condition

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

Conditions for example illness or disease.

is in range of: condition^op, outcomeCondition^op

Dose^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/Dose

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

Dose in an intervention

is in range of: dose^op

Duration^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/Duration

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

Duration of an intervention

is in range of: duration^op

Intervention^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/Intervention

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

An intervention in a PICO question is an action under consideration for this population.

is in domain of: appliedIntervention^op, dose^op, duration^op, interventionClassification^op, interventionProvider^op, isComparator^dp, modeOfDelivery^op, parentIntervention^op, schedule^op, setting^op
is in range of: excludedIntervention^op, intervention^op, parentIntervention^op

Intervention Classification^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/InterventionClassification

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

The type of intervention

is in range of: interventionClassification^op

InterventionGroup^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/InterventionGroup

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

An intervention group is a group of interventions for example an arm of a trial.

is in domain of: excludedIntervention^op, intervention^op
is in range of: interventionGroup^op

InterventionProvider^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/InterventionProvider

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

The provider of an intervention

is in range of: interventionProvider^op

ModeOfDelivery^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/ModeOfDelivery

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

Mode of delivery for an intervention

is in range of: modeOfDelivery^op

Outcome^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/Outcome

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

The desired outcome of an intervention.

is in domain of: outcomeClassification^op, outcomeCondition^op, outcomeText^dp, parentOutcome^op
is in range of: excludedOutcome^op, outcome^op, parentOutcome^op

OutcomeClassification^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/OutcomeClassification

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

Classification scheme describing the type of outcome

is in range of: outcomeClassification^op

OutcomeGroup^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/OutcomeGroup

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

An outcome group is a group of outcomes.

is in domain of: excludedOutcome^op, outcome^op
is in range of: outcomeGroup^op

PICO^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/PICO

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

A PICO class represents an object that defines a research or a clinical question.

is in domain of: excludedPopulation^op, interventionGroup^op, outcomeGroup^op, population^op

Population^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/Population

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

A population defines a group of people/patient in a PICO question.

is in domain of: age^op, condition^op, sex^op
is in range of: excludedPopulation^op, population^op

Schedule^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/Schedule

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

Schedule of an intervention

is in range of: schedule^op

Setting^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/Setting

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

Setting of an intervention

is in range of: setting^op

Sex^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/Sex

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

The sex of a population group

is in range of: sex^op

Object Properties

age^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/age

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

The age of a population

has domain: Population^c
has range: Age^c

appliedIntervention^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/appliedIntervention

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

Associates an appliedIntervention (material, procedure) with a PICO Intervention instance.

has domain: Intervention^c
has range: AppliedIntervention^c

condition^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/condition

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

A precondition of the population.

has domain: Population^c
has range: Condition^c

dose^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/dose

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

Dose used in an intervention

has domain: Intervention^c
has range: Dose^c

duration^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/duration

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

duration of an intervention

has domain: Intervention^c
has range: Duration^c

excludedIntervention^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/excludedIntervention

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

An excluded intervention.

has domain: InterventionGroup^c
has range: Intervention^c

excludedOutcome^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/excludedOutcome

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

An excluded outcome.

has domain: OutcomeGroup^c
has range: Outcome^c

excludedPopulation^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/excludedPopulation

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

An excluded sub-population.

has domain: PICO^c
has range: Population^c

intervention^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/intervention

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

An intervention

has domain: InterventionGroup^c
has range: Intervention^c

interventionClassification^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/interventionClassification

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

The type of intervention.

has domain: Intervention^c
has range: Intervention Classification^c

interventionGroup^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/interventionGroup

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

An intervention group

has domain: PICO^c
has range: InterventionGroup^c

interventionProvider^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/interventionProvider

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

Intervention provider of an intervention

has domain: Intervention^c
has range: InterventionProvider^c

modeOfDelivery^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/modeOfDelivery

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

mode of delivery

has domain: Intervention^c
has range: ModeOfDelivery^c

outcome^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/outcome

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

Relates a outcome group to an outcome

has domain: OutcomeGroup^c
has range: Outcome^c

outcomeClassification^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/outcomeClassification

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

The type of outcome.

has domain: Outcome^c
has range: OutcomeClassification^c

outcomeCondition^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/outcomeCondition

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

A side effect outcome condition.

has domain: Outcome^c
has range: Condition^c

outcomeGroup^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/outcomeGroup

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

Relates a pico to an outcome group

has domain: PICO^c
has range: OutcomeGroup^c

parentIntervention^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/parentIntervention

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

The parent intervention

has domain: Intervention^c
has range: Intervention^c

parentOutcome^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/parentOutcome

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

References the parent outcome

has domain: Outcome^c
has range: Outcome^c

population^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/population

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

A population

has domain: PICO^c
has range: Population^c

schedule^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/schedule

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

schedule of an intervention

has domain: Intervention^c
has range: Schedule^c

setting^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/setting

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

setting of an intervention

has domain: Intervention^c
has range: Setting^c

sex^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/sex

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

The sex of a population

has domain: Population^c
has range: Sex^c

isComparator^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/isComparator

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

The comparator flag.

has domain: Intervention^c
has range: boolean

outcomeText^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/outcomeText

is defined by: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/

Free text associated with an Outcome.

has domain: Outcome^c
has range: lang string

Namespace Declarations back to ToC

core: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/core/
dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/
files: http://data.cochrane.org/sites/data.cochrane.org/files/
owl: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
pico: http://data.cochrane.org/ontologies/pico/
proton: http://proton.semanticweb.org/protonsys#
rdf: http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
xmlschema: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

Table of Contents

Classes

Agec back to ToC or Class ToC

AppliedInterventionc back to ToC or Class ToC

Conditionc back to ToC or Class ToC

Dosec back to ToC or Class ToC

Durationc back to ToC or Class ToC

Interventionc back to ToC or Class ToC

Intervention Classificationc back to ToC or Class ToC

InterventionGroupc back to ToC or Class ToC

InterventionProviderc back to ToC or Class ToC

ModeOfDeliveryc back to ToC or Class ToC

Outcomec back to ToC or Class ToC

OutcomeClassificationc back to ToC or Class ToC

OutcomeGroupc back to ToC or Class ToC

PICOc back to ToC or Class ToC

Populationc back to ToC or Class ToC

Schedulec back to ToC or Class ToC

Settingc back to ToC or Class ToC

Sexc back to ToC or Class ToC

Object Properties

ageop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

appliedInterventionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

conditionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

doseop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

durationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

excludedInterventionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

excludedOutcomeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

excludedPopulationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

interventionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

interventionClassificationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

interventionGroupop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

interventionProviderop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

modeOfDeliveryop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

outcomeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

outcomeClassificationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

outcomeConditionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

outcomeGroupop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

parentInterventionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

parentOutcomeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

populationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

scheduleop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

settingop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

sexop back to ToC or Object Property ToC